Schizophrenia Disorder - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2122 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/07/31 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Tags: Schizophrenia Essay Did you like this example? Introduction In the course of medical history, the association between physical and mental health remains a magnet for research. At the core of this interest is the essential role that mental health plays in promoting the physical well-being of individuals. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), mental health is a state of wellbeing in which individuals are capable of coping with life stress and asserting themselves as productive members of a particular community (Nordqvist, 2017). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Schizophrenia Disorder" essay for you Create order In essence, an individual lacking this psychological wellbeing characterized by emotional, behavioral, or social normality perceivably has a mental disorder. Cockerham (2016) estimates that mental ailment constitutes about 10% of all diseases incidences globally. More so, assessments indicate that one in every four people is likely to suffer from a mental condition in their lifetime (Cockerham, 2016). These facts show that mental disorders are a significant challenge to sustainable global health. The most prevalent mental disorders include schizophrenia, dementia, epilepsy, depression, and bipolar disorders (Worku Shiferaw, 2014). This essay provides an in-depth analysis of the symptoms, prevalence, etiology, prognosis, and treatment of schizophrenia. It also offers a differential diagnosis between schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Schizophrenia poses a major threat to the physical and mental wellbeing of individuals across the world. Schizophrenia Symptoms Schizophrenia is one of the most chronic mental disorder attributed to impaired functionality in work, self-care, and in interpersonal relations. Rosenberg (2012) observes that as a persistent and often chronic disorder, schizophrenia affects behavior, thinking, and emotions of an individual. Symptoms of the disorder include positive and negative psychosis as well as cognitive effects. Positive symptoms begin at young adult years and include delusional thoughts, hallucinations, and disorganized thoughts (Khan, Montanez, and Muly, 2013). Hallucinations refer to disturbances in sensory perception such as visual or auditory where one sees or hears things not perceived by others (Khan et al, 2013). Delusions such as paranoia may include a false personal belief not subject to reason or contrary to evidence leading to made-up beliefs like persecution, cheating, poisoning, or harassment (Khan et al, 2015). Negative symptoms can be understood as a reduction of what is usually commonly presen t in an individual. The symptoms include monotony in voice, immobility in facial expressions, lack of pressure, reduced quantity and quality of speech (Khan et al, 2013). Henceforth, a patient may appear as lazy and introverted. Lastly, cognitive damage affects memory and execution of functions leading to the failure to achieve expected personal, academic, or career goals (Rosenberg, 2012). As a result, people with schizophrenia may have a lower quality of life compared to the general population. Schizophrenia Prevalence Statistics reveal that schizophrenia constitutes a major disease burden across the globe. Schizophrenia ranks in the WHO assessment as the tenth most prevalent non-fatal disease in the world (Sie, 2011). According to the WHO, the disorder causes 1.1 percent of all total disability-adjusted life years and accounts for 2.8 percent of disability life years (Altamura et al., 2014). Barrow (2016) puts the number of schizophrenia patients in the world at 24 million. Global epidemiologic studies show that the disease incidence varies from between 0.11 to 0.69 per 1,000 while prevalence ranges from 0.6 to .08 percent (Altamura et al., 2014). Importantly, 98% of all reported schizophrenia cases affect individuals below the age of 40 (Altamura et al., 2014). Thus, statistically the risk of getting schizophrenia declines as an individual ages beyond forty years. For example, in Europe estimates indicate that over 5 million people suffer from schizophrenia while 1.5% to 3% of the all health expe nditure in developed countries healthcare goes to manage the disease (Altamura et al., 2014). Accordingly, the prevalence has a global reach that transcends the economic status of a country. Schizophrenia effects cuts across demographic divides. The disease is predominant in early adulthood. Sie (2011) observes the average commencement age for the ailments in men is 18 years and 25 for women. The ailment onset appears early in men compared to women and their symptoms are negative with worse outcomes and limited chances of recovery (Picchioni Murray, 2007). More so, studies reveal that the disorder rates are higher among people born in cities with risk increasing based on how long one dwells in an urban environment (Picchioni Murray, 2007). One study conducted in the UK disclosed that the disease affects more immigrants especially African-Caribbean individuals (Picchioni Murray, 2007). These facts reveal that though the illness is common among young people, it affects people across gender, race, and social status. Etiology of Schizophrenia The cause and risk factors of schizophrenia range from biological, psychosocial, cultural to the environment. Firstly, research suggests a genetic cause to the ailment though there is no attribution to a single gene Sie (2011). Therefore, facility history may explain transmission. Secondly, individuals experiencing excess complications in fetal life and at birth have a high tendency of developing the disorder (Khan et al, 2015). These incidences may link to complicated pregnancies, abnormality in fetal growth, or challenges during delivery. Research also shows a high predominance of babies born in winter and spring to get schizophrenia due to maternal respiratory infections or malnutrition (Khan et al, 2015). Thus, risk factors can predate birth. Secondly, old men with schizotypal personality are likely to father children with schizophrenia (Khan et al, 2015). Thirdly, schizophrenia is more common in urban poor localities (Khan et al, 2015). Fourthly, there is a high incidence for th e sickness among migrants non-white groups (Khan et al, 2015). Both the urban poor and migrant incidences may relate to lack of social support and discrimination that intensify vulnerability to the disease. Fifthly, evidence shows that persistent abuse of amphetamine, cannabis, cocaine, and methamphetamine can induce paranoid schizophrenia (Khan et al, 2015). The delusion and hallucination effect the drugs cause may explain the association with the disorder. Sixth, psychosocial adversities like physical and sexual abuse, bullying, and harassment increase risk of suffering schizophrenia later in life (Khan et al, 2015). Arguably, the genetic predisposition of schizophrenia may increase exposure to these social adversities. Course and Prognosis of Schizophrenia The disorder course has three stages namely premorbid, prodromic, and florid. The premorbid stage describes the period where a patient demonstrates relative normality before the onset of psychotic symptoms (Altamura et al., 2014). Indicators at this level may only include anxiety and depression (Altamura et al., 2014). Hence, it may be problematic to distinguish the signs from other syndromes to allow for early treatment. Premorbid affects 75% of patients, lasts for up to 5 years and results in psychosocial deficits (Altamura et al., 2014). Prodromic phase is identified by deteriorating global functioning as well as the emergence of psychosis. Symptoms include a reduction in functionality, concentration, and motivation as well as insomnia (Sie, 2011). One is likely to suffer severe long-term positive and negative symptoms if the diagnosis and treatment for the first episode are not timely (Sie, 2011). Thus, these two phases occur before the onset of the first episode of schizophrenia psychosis. Lastly, florid phase describes the emergence of the distinctive symptoms for the disorder. The phase between prodromic and florid lasts for about one year (Altamura et al., 2014). Prolonged duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) may lead to delayed remission, long hospitalization, recurrences, depression, suicides, and delinquency (Altamura et al., 2014). Consequently, intervention at the first stage of the illness may reduce DUP. Prognosis studies illustrate that 80 percent of patients who experience their first episode of psychosis will recover whereas recurrence is less than 20%. Thus, schizophrenia has a positive prognosis. Treatment for Schizophrenia There are varied methods of treating and managing schizophrenia. The two main methods of treating the disorder are antipsychotic medicine psychological. The first generation of treatments in the 1950s relied on antipsychotic drugs that worked by blocking the D2 dopamine receptors (Khan et al, 2013). These first-generation antipsychotics drugs such as haloperidol and chlorpromazine are effective against positive psychosis but have no effect on negative psychosis and cognitive impairment (Khan et al, 2013). Moreover, they have neurological side effects. The existence of the side effects contributed to the development of second-generation antipsychotics. The second generations antipsychotic include clozapine, risperidone, amisulpride, and aripiprazole all with the same efficacy as their predecessors (Khan et al, 2013). Majority of them act on more receptors such as serotonin and cholinergic (Khan et al, 2013). The new generation of antipsychotics is inspired by lack of drugs that are va luable for negative and cognitive symptoms. These new drugs such as xanomeline targets non-dopamine neurotransmitter systems (Khan et al, 2013). Consequently, the evolution of schizophrenia drugs resulted from the need to act beyond the dopamine system while overcoming variation in symptoms. Several psychological treatments help manage symptoms, improve functioning and prevent psychosis relapse in schizophrenia patients. Firstly, empirical review demonstrates that cognitive behavior therapy can reduce the persistence of the ailment. Medical guidelines recommend about 10 therapy sessions over a period of three months (Picchioni Murray, 2007). Secondly, family therapy can also support patients and their caregivers. Family therapy enhances communication with family members while reducing distress and symptoms (Picchioni Murray, 2007). Finally, reviews allude to the benefits of psycho-education reducing relapse and readmission (Picchioni Murray, 2007). Though the methods require a trained therapist, they can help bolster the outcomes of drug treatment. Differential Diagnosis for Schizophrenia Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can be considered in the differential diagnosis of schizophrenia. Kokurcan and Atbasoglu (2016) maintain that mild autistic disorder if not diagnosed at childhood can appear as psychiatric syndromes such as mood and psychosis during adulthood. For that reason, behavioral symptoms can be a manifestation of ASD rather than psychosis disorders. Symptoms shared by schizophrenia and ASD include disorganization, excitation, and social adaptation challenge (Kokurcan Atbasoglu, 2016). More so, the two conditions share a commonality in inadequate social interactions and communication (Kokurcan Atbasoglu, 2016). Social withdraw due to discrimination can also be common between the two. While disorganization in schizophrenia has a more constant course in most behaviors, it does not depict a ritualistic pattern in the case of ASD (Kokurcan Atbasoglu, 2016). Individuals who show special interest in a specific issue and know everything about it may have ASD rather than psychotic disorder (Kokurcan Atbasoglu, 2016). Moreover, ASD patients show social communication difficulty with low anxiety while schizophrenic people have paranoid delusions and high social anxiety (Kokurcan Atbasoglu, 2016). Consequently, it is essential to evaluate behavioral attributes to differentiate between the two disorders to avoid comorbid diagnosis. Conclusion In summary, it emerges that schizophrenia is a major threat to the mental health in the society. Individuals suffering from the disorder are likely to be dysfunctional and unproductive in their personal and social life due to the psychosis symptoms. The prevalence of the disease reveals that the disease is not only common globally but also affects people across age, gender, and race. However, the incidences display the need to reduce the risk factors among men, youth, and poor non-Caucasian urban dwellers. Based on the etiology, it is hard to prevent genetic schizophrenia but proper management of pregnancies and delivery can reduce the early life disorder. Besides, offering social support for marginalized groups and controlling social factors like drug and physical abuse may prevent the illness. Prognosis shows that intervention to prevent prolonged duration of untreated psychosis may reduce chronic cases of admission, recurrence, or relapses. Although past treatment relied on antips ychotic drugs working on the dopamine system, current medicine targets more neurotransmitters. Increasingly, modern drugs must not only reduce side effects but also work on negative and cognitive symptoms. Moreover, psychological methods such as therapies can better alleviate the suffering of patients and their families during medication. Progressively, misdiagnosis of schizophrenia can be avoided through differential diagnosis of related diseases such as Autism Spectrum Disorder. References Altamura, C., Fagiolini, A., Galderisi, S., Rocca, P., Rossi, A. (2014). Schizophrenia today: Epidemiology, diagnosis, course, and models of care. Journal of Psychopathology, 20, 223-243. Barrow, L. F. (2016). Factors that influence access to mental health care service: The perspective of service users and the community in western 2 health region of the Gambia (Unpublished Masters thesis). University of Oslo, Norway. Cockerham, W. C. (2016). Sociology of mental disorder. Oxfordshire, U.K: Taylor Francis. Khan, R. S., Sommer, I. E., Murray, R., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Weinberger, D.R., Cannon, T. D., Insel, T.R. 2015. Schizophrenia. Nature Reviews Disease Premiers, 1, (15067). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2015.67. Kokurcan, A., Atbaolu, E. C. (2015). Differential diagnosis of schizophrenia: Psychotic symptoms in neurodevelopmental disorders and psychotic disorders due to other medical Conditions. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 26(4), 279-290. Nordqvist, C. 24 August 2017. What is mental health? Medical News Today. Retrieved from: Accessed 17 December 2018. Picchioni, M.M., Murray, R.M. 2007. Schizophrenia. Br. Medical Journal. 335(7610): 91-95. Rosenberg, M. (2012). Diagnosis, treatment options, and the costs of schizophrenia. Journal of Managed Care Medicine, 3, 10-15. Sie, M. (2011). Clinical focus-schizophrenia: Clinical features and diagnosis. Clinical Pharmacist, 3(2), 41-43. Khan, Z., Martin-Monta? ±ez, E., Chris Muly, E. (2013). Schizophrenia: Causes and treatments. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 19(36), 6451-6461. Worku, B. N., Shiferaw, S. (2014). Trends and possible causes of mental illness: The case of psychiatry ward in Jima University specialized hospital, Ethiopia. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 10(29), 308-316.

Master Harold... and the Boys - 978 Words

Athol Fugards drama, Master Harold . . . And The Boys, was written during a time of great conflict in South Africa, where he was raised. Fugard was torn between his mother, who was Afrikaaner, (1291) and his father, who was of English decent (1291). These differing influences caused Fugard to use the discussions between Sam and Hally to demonstrate the religious, racial, and political tensions of his lifetime in South Africa. brbrThe discussion between Sam and Hally about who was a man of magnitude (1300) represents the religious tensions of Fugards lifetime in South Africa between the growing belief in evolution and Jesus Christs teaching of Creation. Hally says that Charles Darwin was a man of magnitude, (1300) because†¦show more content†¦Sam points out to Hally that people are bumping into each other all the time (1317) and nobody knows the steps and theres no music playing (1317). Sam said, Ive bumped into Willie, the two of us have bumped into you, youve bumped into yo ur mother, she bumping into your Dad...(1317). Sam is using their experiences that day to represent how countries are in constant conflict. He points out to Hally that America has bumped into Russia, England is bumping into India, rich man bumps into poor man (1317). Sam says that at the dance, theyre going to see six couples get it right, the way we want life to be (1317-1318). Sam uses the dance to represent the hope that was held by people in Fugards lifetime about the political future of the world by looking at these six couples success. He convinces Hally that the world does have hope for political stability because Hally states that maybe there is some hope for mankind after all (1318). Sam uses all of these examples about their experiences during the day and the dance championship to demonstrate the political tensions that were present in Fugards lifetime. brbrAlthough the discussions between Sam and Hally seem to be confined to the characters lives, the discussions are much more complex than they appear. These three discussions between Sam and Hally demonstrate the religious, racial, and political tensions that AtholShow MoreRelatedMaster Harold And The Boys1176 Words   |  5 Pagesevery scene of â€Å"Master Harold† †¦ and the boys. â€Å"Master Harold†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and the boys is a play whose story is married to the complex racial connections among its three characters, the two moderately aged dark laborers, Sam and Willie, and Hally or â€Å"Master Harold, their supervisor s child, a white adolescent very nearly masculinity. The racial pressure among the characters is, thus, educated by the play s setting and setting. 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Set in 1950 the play follows the everyday lives of its two main protagonists: Hally, a white, seventeen year old male discontented with his schooling, and Sam, a middle-aged, black servant of Hally’s family. During this period the rigid racial structureRead MoreOedipus Rex And Master Harold And The Boys1803 Words   |  8 PagesFitzgerald and Master Harold and the boys by Athol Fugard, you we learned that the two main characters from the stories story had a very similar characteristics from each other. They both shared personal faults with each other and short temper , great pride in themselves and both characters were treated like a master from the people around them this was because they were given that idea from the people around them. In the both play, Oedipus Rex and Master Harold and the boys. Oedipus and Harold throughoutRead MoreMaster Harold and the Boys by Athol Fugard589 Words   |  2 Pagesreal ritual, characters must abandon their normalcies and assume different roles. 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Internet Effects on Students Essay Sample free essay sample

Since the last 30 old ages. there have been many technological alterations and development. During that period. computing machine and cyberspace are among the fastest developed engineerings. But in that peculiar period. there have been similar mornings. Films. wireless. records. broadcast telecasting. audiotape. videotape. programmed learning machines. etc. These alterations of engineerings have besides affected our larning establishments such as school. college and universities. In fact the impact on the majority of instruction and acquisition has been minimum. The cyberspace connects computing machine webs all over the universe so that users can portion resources and communicate with each other. Some computing machines can entree straight to all the installations on the cyberspace such as the universities. colleges and schools. And other computing machines. for illustration privately-owned or stand alone 1s. are links indirectly through a commercial service supplier. which can give partial or full of the Internet installations. In order to be connected to Internet. you must travel through service providers. There is a batch of options offered with monthly rates footing depending on the option chosen. entree clip may be different. The Internet is what we call a metanetwork. dwelling a web that spans the full Earth. It is difficult to give an exact count of the figure of webs or users that comprise the Internet. but it is easy in the 1000s and 1000000s severally. The Internet have a set of standardised protocols which allow for the sharing of resources among different sorts of computing machines and users that communicate with each other on the web. These criterions. sometimes referred to as the Internet Protocol Suite. are the regulations that developers adhere to when making new maps for the Internet. The Internet is besides what we call a distributed system ; there is no cardinal archives. Technically. no 1 runs the Internet. Rather. the Internet is made up of 1000s of smaller webs. The Internet are develops by many users who finds a new ways to make. show and recover the information that constitutes the Internet. At the beginning. the Internet was originally used by the Department of Defense as a manner to protect authorities communications systems in the event of a military work stoppage. The original web. called ARPANet which has been developed by Advanced Research Projects Agency. evolved into a communications channel among contractors. military forces. and university research workers who were lending to ARPA undertakings. In order to make an effectual manner of communications and informations sharing with each others. the web has been made up with a set of standard protocols. In the 1980’s. ARPAnet spreads popularly and widely among research workers. Because of that. the National Science Foundation ( NSFNet ) has linked several high velocity computing machines and took charge of what had come to be known by all of us as the Internet. Thousands of collaborating webs take part in the Internet during the late 1980’s. In 1991. the U. S. High Performance Computing Act established the NREN ( National Research A ; Education Network ) . NREN’s objectives was to develop and keep high-velocity webs for research and instruction. and to look into commercial utilizations for the Internet. The remainder. as they say. is history in the devising. The Internet has been improved through the developments of several services such as Gopher and the World Wide Web. Internet continues to turn as an informational. originative. and commercial resources every twenty-four hours and in all over the universe even though it is preponderantly thought as a research oriented web. ( American University in Cairo. 2002 ) About more than one tierce of the population in the universe aware of cyberspace. It is likely one of the most buzzed words in the modern epoch. The younger coevals is wholly dependent on the Internet. The present coevals does non necessitate anything else when they have entree to the Internet. Most of pupils now barely consult books to roll up stuffs for their survey. They blindly rely on the Internet to make so. INTERNET BENEFITS FOR STUDENTS Center of informationInternet possibly truly has something of import to offer because people presents are so much into it. Peoples can roll up any kind of information that they want with the aid of the web. Students do non necessitate to travel to libraries any longer to roll up survey stuffs from the books that are kept at that place because they can acquire all of them from e-books. They can acquire the same thing provided in books through the Internet within a fraction of seconds. There are many thi nanograms which are at that place on the web but barely found in the books. Sometimes. there are opportunities that people may run out of information handiness in books. But they can seek for the same without any concerns on the web. There is barely any information which is non available in the web. Options for larning Entree to cyberspace are available to most of schools these yearss. And most instructors prepare their survey stuffs for pupils with the aid of the web. The teaching-learning procedure has become easier and much smooth after the coming of the cyberspace. Even if pupils have any confusion with the instructions of the instructors. they can unclutter it by taking the aid of Internet. There are many medium that they can mention to seek for elucidation on one to pic such as forum. and now. with the growing of societal media. 2. 3Less Cost and Time Consumption The Internet non merely helps the pupils to roll up survey stuffs but helps everybody and anybody who wants to seek for any informations. Today. the web plays an of import function in our day-to-day life. International trades and trades are being done through the Internet comparison to nonprescription dealing in old clip. This will definiately cut the cost and clip when one can online at anytime and anyplace. every bit long as they have internet connexion. In fact. reputed educational establishments conduct on-line tests to acknowledge their pupils. Creates better ocular logical thinkingIn order to acquire through an interview of a company today. one has to hold a good cognition about the web. A recent survey by Johnson ( 2008 ) related with the procedure toward consciousness and cognition of pupils to the frequence of Internet usage. She found that those college pupils who are frequent Internet users demonstrate better ocular logical thinking. These pupil are able to pull strings good of what they have in their head onto the paper. They besides can bring forth more critical thought as their position in visual image are wider. Generate positif attitudes toward computing machinesUsing the cyberspace for learning and learning intents are acquiring increasing attending over the recent old ages. Students that have easy entree to computing machines in networked learning establishment could bring forth positive attitudes toward the usage of computing machines in instruction and acquisition. Computer-enriched acquisition environment are positively correlated with students’ attitudes toward computing machines in general. and the function of computing machines in easing instruction and acquisition. ( Mitra and Steffensmeier. 2000 ) . Liu. Macmillan. and Timmons ( 1998 ) perceived incorporating computing machines into a acquisition system as a complex instructional system in which pupil acquisition is impacted by lectors. pupils. administrative and proficient staff. computing machine hardware and package resources. and besides the computing machine research lab and schoolroom scenes. They reported that pupils with positive attitudes toward utilizing computing machines besides have positive attitudes toward utilizing computing machines for their acquisition. Real experience acquisitionStudents can make existent experiences larning from the cyberspace. The thought that acquisition is a constructive procedure are widely accepted instead than passively receive information. scholars are actively construct cognition. Through these positions. Internet applications provide to use and see the installations of constructivist position ( Plomp. et Al. . 1996 ) . In add-on to this. Internet helps to ease concerted larning environment. Within the group heterogeneousness. positive group mutuality. single answerability and group treating constituents of concerted acquisition. pupils can experience the sense of group kineticss and motive on their acquisition through the cyberspace ( Crane. 2000 ) . Through the constructivist attack. incorporating Internet to the instruction is so easy and effectual. This can further the high degree of the accomplishments for pupils in job resolution and analysing information through the aid of the Internet installations ( Roblyer. 2000 ) . Based on constructivist and pupil centered sense of instruction. pupils should catch the vision and be active in constructing what is needed for alteration and growing on the issue of educational engineering importance and applications. All integrating of these positions should be in the repertory of the pupils to be much better for acquisition. Students must follow that willingness ; consciousness is the first measure in utilizing the technological installations. In order to utilize it efficaciously. fruitfully and expeditiously. there should be right and positive attitudes of the user. DETRIMENTAL EFFECTS OF INTERNETThe cyberspace is regarded as the largest information base and it has play an of import function of our lives. Not merely can we entree a broad sum of informations on the cyberspace but it can besides can be use as a channel of communicating. Thankss to internet. Electronic mails and instant messages have made on-line communicating possible today. Social networking web sites and on-line treatment forums have proved to be popular platforms of look and information sharing. However. there is a monetary value to pay for this easy entree to such sums of information. There are a figure of psychological deductions. with the turning usage of cyberspace by pupils. Some of which include the followers: Limited KnowledgeWith the turning usage of cyberspace for research intents. there is now a diminution in the figure of books used for research. Besides the information available on the cyberspace is limited and largely pertains to the developed states ; a consequence. the cognition obtained is limited. Since information about developing states is scarce. Information that can be gained become general without a valid beginnings from the writer. It is easy to acquire the information but it is barrier to formalize the beginnings. Unlike the information gained from books or hardcopy article where the name of its writer or publication are clearly stated. IsolationDue to passing infinite hours on the cyberspace. pupils now spend a really limited quality clip with their household and existent friends. Therefore. there is a weakening of the household bond and besides limited interaction with existent people. As a consequence. they may lose out on existent life interaction with different relatives’ consequences in deformed societal accomplishments and limited existent life societal web. In extend. this might take to more serious issue which is dysfuntional of the household. Negative Impact of Uncensored MaterialIn today’s twenty-four hours and age it is harder to maintain a cheque on the web sites. a pupil is sing and hence. a batch of pupils are now being exposed to obscene. sexual stuff online such as erotica. Besides since the individuality of an person is concealed online. there are a figure of sexual marauders online. who will take advantage of them. With bulk of pupils owns their ain appliance such as smartphone. laptop and ipad. and they can hold the entree to the cyberspace everyplace. it is become hard for the senior like parents and college governments to command on the web site that the student’s breaker. Exposure to ViolenceWith the turning usage of the cyberspace by pupils. there is an addition in on-line games. These games are really violent and expose them to explicit content and violent state of affairss therefore desensitising the pupil and doing them more prone to bring downing self injury. every bit good as injury on others. As a pupil and adolescents. the curiousity among them are so high. They tend to seek what they saw or experience in practical universe. When an action has been exaggerating. it may caused danger and jokes become serious. 3. 5 Addiction to the InternetStudents besides have an unrealistic feeling of power and control. when utilizing the cyberspace and as a consequence. they become addicted to the cyberspace. They can pass half of their twenty-four hours shoping web site. chew the fating on societal web. updating position. playing games. etc. Internet have become portion of their life with easy entree through their Mobile. Ipad. etc. As the consequence. they will left the everyday with friends and household. They will passing less clip on the healthier activities like athleticss. Information Fatigue SyndromeWith the turning usage of the cyberspace. there is an extra of cognition available online. As a consequence. there is â€Å"too much information† . Information Fatigue Syndrome is when an single becomes extremely stressed through seeking to get by with the immense sums of information. The symptoms of Information Fatigue Syndrome include â€Å"paralysis of analytical capacity† . â€Å"a hyper-aroused psychological condition† . and â€Å"anxiety and self-doubt† . taking to â€Å"foolish decisions† and flawed conclusions† . ( Dr. Ruhi Khalid ) DecisionThe usage of the Internet on school campuses and in society has besides increased dramatically in recent old ages. Whereas the academic usage of the Internet is chiefly intended for acquisition and research. the Internet has besides become an of import portion of pupil life. However. from clip to clip. instances of over engagement with the Internet have been observed on different campuses. For illustration. Chou et Al. ( 1999 ) observed that in one abode hall at their university. four roomies were busy. softly working on their computing machines. They lo gged onto the Internet to chew the fat with other people. whom were no other than their roomies. Some college pupils remain connected to the Internet every bit long as they are awake. Teachers may detect that fewer and fewer pupils are willing to take early forenoon categories. and some of those who do register for forenoon categories on a regular basis come in late. It has besides come to the attending of some school decision makers that some pupils get hapless classs or are placed on academic probation because they spend excessively much clip on the Internet instead than on their surveies. With the recent development of the World Wide Web and the attending given to tomorrow’s high velocity bringing of information and slipperiness broadcast medium. it is easy to overlook one of the most good facets of today’s Internet. It is above all a communicating tool one which allows us as either instructors or pupils to pass on among other pupils. co-workers and specializers from our ain schoolrooms or media centres. Contrary to the frights that many have expressed about the negative effects of such a engineering. The Internet provides an alone chance for instructors of history to expose their pupils non merely to a huge array of informational resources but more significantly to human resources from around the universe. The Internet shows us as much about how people relate to one another as about how they react to engineering. In decision. today’s society is in the center of a technological roar. where most of us are trusting on it in our day-to-day activities. We can either take to take advantage of this epoch. or merely allow it go through them by. The Internet is a really powerful tool. It has many advantages. nevertheless. people need to be highly cognizant and cautious of the disadvantages every bit good. In add-on. parents should non trust on formal instruction to command of the pupils activites. but they have to co-operate with schools or university to do certain that pupils are to the full use the cyberspace maps for good and to avoid from dependence.

Introduction to Management Concept of Perception

Question: Describe about the Introduction to Management for Concept of Perception. Answer: 1. As per the question, this is helpful to identify the concept perception is reality and how the predictions are differed from the reality. In this context, the case study of Great Wall Motors has tried to demonstrate the difference between the anticipation and the reality. Moreover, this study has also tried to highlight the consumers perception regarding the vehicles manufacturing procedure. According to Alvesson and Willmott (2012), in this case, the business of Great Wall Motors has tried to enhance the market of business in Australia. It also aims to be the Great Ute of Australia. In this context, it can be seen that Great Wall Motors focused to praise to the 70 dealers by giving them reliability, safety, technology and the reassurance. In this context, reassurance is helpful to receive a 3 year and 100000 kilometre warranty in the vehicles of the Great Wall Vehicles. Nevertheless, it can be criticised that the warranty, which has given by the Great wall Motors is different from the concept of warranted (Anderson et al. 2015). In this connection, it can be observed that Toby Hagon and his companions have bought a model of Great Wall Motors such as X240 and then drove it over different Australian deserts (Haddow, Bullock and Coppola 2013). Therefore, it can be stated that it is necessary to provide the dealers warranty for the cars. This would the predictions of the Great Wall Motors and makes the business (Albert and Beatty 2014). From the point of the buyers, Hagon identified that the model X240 was running better into the off-roading and was poor in the travelling of normal roads (Chance and Brooks 2015). In addition, Hagon also mentioned that X240 was sub standard quality. In case of four wheeling cars such as X240, the outback is not required. The most important thing, which is mentioned by Hagon is that the concern regarding safety and qualit y, are not the ultimate issues with the Chinese cars. In this point, it can be demonstrated that the perceptions are different from the reality in case of Great Wall Motors (Albert and Beatty 2014). On the other hand, Hagon represented in his review was that X240 Ute made a negative impact on the consumers. After that, Australias safety department has been decided that whether they need to recall the 25000 vehicles after the discovery of the asbestos components. Groff and Jones (2012) opined that the presence of the asbestos components in the car engine of X240 Ute reflects to exhaust the system. This is a serious problem, which have been facing by the most of the Australian users. It can be observed that due to the use of asbestos in the car engine, the Australian may suffer from the lethal diseases. The uses of asbestos can reduce the consumers willingness to purchase the particular model from the Great Wall Motors and make a bad impact in the market of Australia. Therefore, it can be stated that this car manufacturing company is worsened by asbestos situation (Alvesson and Willmott 2012). 2. A group of naturally occurring minerals that have a fibrous crystal nature is termed as asbestos. Asbestos was a well-liked component for vehicular brakes due to its capability to resists heat. Most of the automobile industries are exposed to asbestos dust from brake as well as clutch. Ateco discovered asbestos in a small number of gaskets for Chery brand means of transportation. However, the removal of asbestos constituted an insignificant asbestos related health risk. When Ateco discovered the problem related to asbestos, they instantaneously had their suppliers alter these parts on all new cars imported from China. They started working with authorities in order to determine the steps that need to be taken in reaction to the problem (Adeyemi 2016). Ateco replaced the asbestos gaskets at their own cost. The company also prepared instruction that is related to safe handling of the material for the workshops in Australia. Ateco Automotive asked the proprietors to return the cars to their dealership. According to the automobile industry, gaskets in the engine are likely to exhaust the engine as well as the system however; it will not present any risk to the customers while using the automobile. Previously, the automobiles were manufactured with automotive hood liners that are mainly assembled from asbestos fibers. Despite, being fire-resistant, asbestos leads to mesothelioma that also causes cancer (Parodi et al. 2014). The company had recalled more than 25,000 Chery and Great wall Motor cars as 30 diverse gaskets were found to restrain asbestos. They advised the customers not to perform any maintenance by themselves as that might lead to disturbances in the gaskets. Ateco also refused to comment on the fact that whether the asbestos contained gaskets. The common part where asbestos are likely to occur includes brakes that in turn relies on the forces of friction to function in an appropriate manner. The use of asbestos for brake linings was never deserted completely. The high-end import companies till make the use of asbestos (Wu 2015). Ateco also handled the problem by making the use of simple procedures such as sanding-down the brake rotors that helps to release supply without difficulty into the nearby air supply. However, if asbestos are in the form of friable it will become difficult for the automobile industry to find the asbestos. This is mainly because, friable asbestos are mainly found in the form of powder. Ateco uncovered the presence of asbestos in a number of gaskets. It also notified Great Wall as well as Chery. It was later proved that there were more than eight gaskets in the asbestos. The company mainly banned the possession of supply as well as the fitting of asbestos products to motor vehicles. They also advised the customers not to blow dust out of brake drums (Cox and Cox 2013). 3. As per the case study, it can be stated that the organisations have been facing with a major public relations problems, which have been dealing Ateco and their Great Wall and Chery brands. It can be seen that X240 Ute has been using asbestos in the car engine (Ross 2016). Ateco had primarily identified the issues and Great Wall Motors immediately change the suppliers and in turn they imported components from other suppliers of China. Ateco also tried to make a plan in order to mitigate the existing problem. In this context, Ateco started to work with the authorities of the car production organisation (Alvesson and Willmott 2012). Nevertheless, Ateco did not inform to the general public regarding this issues. Ateco has alleged that the Chinese manufacturing company are seeking for the safety and are also willing to purchase the vehicles, which are asbestos free engine (Hislop 2013). As per the statement of Paul Bastian, the Australian Manufacturing Workers Union, Ateco has demanded and ensured that Ateco would change the use of asbestos from the car engines and replace it with the other gaskets. Moreover, the cost of the other gaskets would be paid by Ateco. Nonetheless, Haddow, Bullock and Coppola (2013) argued that if any of the officers of the company, Ateco has broken the Australias laws and regulations, which is related with the health as well as with safety of the consumers, then the existing problems cannot be mitigated (Haddow, Bullock and Coppola 2013). The effect of this asbestos problem makes an adverse impact in the shares of the Great Wall Motors. As a result, the Hong Kong stock exchange would be significantly decreased. Moreover, Chance and Brooks (2015) added that the problems, which arose in the Australian market, could be discussed that due to the lack of concern of the Chinese workers, this problem has been occurred. This in turn makes a reflection in the car export, which has significantly decreased in the market of Australia (Groff and Jones 2012). As a result, it can be seen that after this issue, nearly 55 countries has banned the use of asbestos from the year of 2003. In this purpose, Albert and Beatty (2014) questioned that after the using of asbestos, the trend of the import of Great Wall Motors and Chery Cars have been decreased. Therefore, in this context, it can be stated that Ateco Company was disappointed with the situation as well as was also surprised. Moreover, Albert and Beatty (2014) identified that it is more difficult in case of making of further decision). The customers may not be satisfied with this decision. The reputation of the organisation has been going down. The resale value of the vehicles has continued to diminish. Therefore, it can be stated that Ateco can greatly deal with the Great wall and Chery Brands (Albert and Beatty 2014). 4. Stereotypes are mostly enveloping. Most of the scientists refer to stereotypes as empirical generalization and they are mainly foundation of scientific theory. The stereotypes related to furniture are controversial as a furniture is a harass to move. On the other hand, extra furniture that is stored in a basement seems to replicate faster than rabbits. However, it is reasonably argued that stereotypes are more or less true. Stereotypes are not always true as the electric power is a prototype shift off the gasoline-fueled position quo. A change is always considered as an uncomfortable procedure. A stereotype is a type of generalization that connects a group to one or more general characters (Correll et al. 2015). In order to determine the negative effects of stereotypes it is important to perform a series of tests that will help to get rid of the detrimental situation. An individual is more likely to become aggressive if the person goes through a prejudiced situation. Stereotypes are also likely to lead to low morale for the individuals as well as groups. It also leads to criticisms as well as negative results in losing faith and motivation. Stereotypes are also likely to lead to legal nervousness, as there is high probability of getting affected due to biased behavior (Lamont, Swift and Abrams 2015). The negative stereotypes can be reduced by demonstrating institutional commitment to multiplicity through tactical policies as well as mission statements. It is also important to educate the organizational leaders on how stereotypes have an effect on hiring as well as assessment choices. It is also important to expand the members of all hiring committees. It is important to implement policies that will discourage discrimination as well as stereotyping. Diversity requires to be provided. Stereotyping also leads to distinction that changes the settings in the automobile industries. It is important to adopt non-stereotyping techniques that will help to break the stereotype habits (Martin, Torabi and Robbin 2012). A stereotype in an organization mainly takes place when a task is described in a poor way. In order to reduce the negative impacts of stereotypes it is important to reframe the entire task. In other words, it is important to use diverse languages that will to describe the task in a convenient way and reduce stereotypes. Due to stereotype, an individual is also likely to display a lack of self-control. This will also lead to lack of making proper decision. Stereotypes also lead to poor performance in the economy that also affects the health of the individuals in the organization. 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